فصل ويعذر في ترك الجمعة والجماعة

1۔ مريض وخائف حدوثه أو
زيادته أو تباطؤه ،فإن لم يتضرر بإتيانه
راكبا أو محمولا أو تبرع أحد به لزمته الجمعة دون الجماعة إن لم يكن في المسجد

2۔ ومن هو ممنوع من
فعلها كالمحبوس

3۔ ومن يدافع الأخبثين
أو أحدهما

4۔ أو بحضرة طعام يحتاج
إليه وله الشبع

5۔  أو خائف من ضياع ماله كغلة في بيادرها

6۔
 ١و دواب أنعام لا حافظ لها غيره ونحوه

 7۔ أو تلفه كخبز في تنور وطبيخ على نار ونحوه

8۔
 أو فواته كالضائع يدل به في مكان كمن ضاع
له كيس

9۔
 أو أبق له عبد وهو يرجو وجوده

10۔
 أو قدم به من سهر إن لم يقف لأخذه ضاع ـ
لكن قال المجد: ـ الأفضل ترك ما يرجو وجوده ويصلى الجمعة والجماعة ـ

11۔
أو ضرر فيه أو في معيشة يحتاجها

12۔
أو أطلق الماء على زرعه أو بستانه يخاف إن تركه فسدا

 13۔ وكان مستحفظا على شيء يخاف علیه إن ذهب
وتركه كناطور بستان ونحوه

14۔
 أو كان عريانا ولو يجد سترة أو لم يجد إلا
ما يستر عورته فقط ونحوه

15۔
 أو كان عريانا ولم يجد سترة أو لو يجد ما
يستر عورته فقط ونحوه في غير جماعة عراه

16۔
 أو خائف موت رفيقه أو قريبه ولا يحضره

17۔
 أو لتمريضهما إن يكن عنده من يقوم مقامه

18۔
 أو خائف على حريمه أو نفسه من ضرر أو
سلطان ظالم أو سبع أو لص

19۔
 أو ملازمه غريم أو حبسه بحق لا وفاء له

20۔
 أو فوات رفقه مسافر سفرا مباحا منشئا أو
مستديما

21۔
أو غلبه نعاس يخاف معه فوتها في الوقت أو مع الإمام والصبر والتجلد على دفع النعاس
ويصلي معهم أفضل

22۔
 أو تطويل إمام

23۔
 أو من عليه قود إن رجا العفو ومثله حد قذف
ومن عليه حد لله فلا يعذر به

24۔
 أو متأذ بمطر

25۔
أو وحل

26۔
أو ثلج

27۔
أو جليد

28۔
أو ريح باردة في ليلة مظلمة ولو لم تكن الريح شديدة

29۔
والزلزلة عذر ـ قاله أبو المعالي

30۔
قال ابن عقيل: ومن له عروس تجلى عليه

.

1.    
Leaving Jumuah
(Friday prayers) and Jama’ah (congregational prayers) is permissible for
a sick or one who fears of getting sick again, or one who is afraid of his
condition worsening or slowing down of recovery. However, if he does not suffer
harm by attending it while riding, or carried, or if someone offers to him for
a lift then he should not leave Jumuah but can leave other congregational
prayers. This applies even if he is not in the mosque.

2.    If he is forbidden from performing it, such as a prisoner,

3.    Someone who is hesitant for the call of nature,

4.    If he is present at a meal and needs it being hungry,

5.    He is afraid of losing his property, such as crops in his fields,

6.    Domestic animals that have no one else to look after them, or anything similar  

7.    
If he is
afraid of losing something like baking bread inside the earthly oven or meal being cooked on fire,

8.    
If he fears
of damage of something that he has experienced before

9.    
If he hopes
to find his lost slave/servant,

10.   If he expects the arrival of his merchandise and he is afraid of its damage if he goes to attend the congregation, however, Imam Abul Barakat Abdus-Salam Al-Majd said, “It is better to leave what he hopes to find and pray the Friday and
congregational prayers.

11.     If there is any
potential harm to himself or his livelihood that he needs

12.       If he needs
to water his crops or garden and is afraid that it may spoil if left unattended

13.    If he is
guarding something and he fears its loss if leaves it behind him like a caretaker
of a garden, and so on,

14.         If he is naked, or he finds only a cover for
his private parts,

15.                       
If he is
naked, and does not find even a cover for his private parts, or anything
similar,

16.                       
If he is
afraid of the death of his close companion or relative, if he left him behind

17.                       
 If he is nursing them and has none to take his
place,

18.                       
 If he is afraid for his own or his family’s
safety from harm, a tyrannical ruler, a beast, a rival, or unjust imprisonment.

19.                       
 If he is afraid of meeting the person who may
demand his debt and he is unable to pay the debt,

20.                       
If he is
afraid of missing his companion who is traveling for a legitimate reason with
him, whether occasionally or permanently,

21.                       
 If he is overwhelmed by drowsiness and is
afraid of missing some pillars of prayer due to drowsiness, in time, or
with Imam, while striving to resist sleep and pray with them is better,

22.                       
 If the imam (one who leads in prayer) prolongs
the prayer,

23.                       
 If he has been sentenced to some punishment
like punishment for propagating a sexual scandal, and he hopes  for forgiveness, if he stands there, however,
this excuse is not for a person who is convicted in Hudud Allah,

24.                       
 If he is affected by heavy rain,

25.                       
Hailstones,

26.                       
Snow,

27.                       
 Ice,

28.                       
 Cold wind on a dark night, even if the wind is
not strong,

29.                       
 Earthquake, said Abu al-Moali,

30.                       
 If he is going to attend his bride, said Ibn
Aqil.