The Simultaneous Beginning of the Qur’an and Sunnah
The Qur’an and Sunnah form the two primary sources of Islamic teachings. Their relationship is deeply intertwined, and they began simultaneously with the commencement of Prophet Muhammad’s (ﷺ) mission. This means that one cannot argue that the Sunnah preceded the Qur’an, as both emerged from the very first moment of revelation.
1. The Qur’an Marks the Beginning of Prophethood
- The first revelation (Surah Al-‘Alaq 96:1-5) marks the official beginning of the Prophet’s mission.
- Before this moment, Muhammad (ﷺ) had not declared him a Prophet—he was a man of noble character but had not received divine revelation.
- The Prophetic responsibility started only when Jibril (Gabriel) conveyed the first verses of the Qur’an.
Thus, the Qur’an came into existence with Prophethood, and with Prophethood came the Sunnah as well. Though he was a prophet by birth in God’s knowledge, still his prophetic mission started with the first revelation of the Qur’an.
2. Sunnah as the Sayings and Actions of the Prophet (ﷺ) as a Messenger
- Sunnah is defined as the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet after receiving revelation.
- Since the first revelation itself initiated his role as a Prophet, his speech and actions from that point onward became part of the Sunnah.
- Therefore, the Sunnah could not have existed before the Qur’an, because it derives its authority from his Prophethood, which was declared by revelation.
Example:
- Before revelation, Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was known for his honesty and kindness, but his actions were not yet Sunnah because he had not been appointed as a Prophet.
- Once the revelation began, his words and deeds became a source of religious guidance for Muslims.
3. The Interdependence of the Qur’an and Sunnah
- The Qur’an is Allah’s direct word, while the Sunnah is its practical interpretation by the Prophet (ﷺ).
- Both were revealed together—the Qur’an through direct revelation and the Sunnah through the Prophet’s actions inspired by divine guidance.
- The Prophet did not act independently but was guided by revelation even in his Sunnah:
- “Nor does he speak from his desire. It is but a revelation sent down.” (Qur’an 53:3-4)
Thus, Sunnah was never separate from revelation—it was part of the same divine guidance that began with the first Qur’anic verse.
4. Refuting the Idea That Sunnah Preceded the Qur’an
Some might argue that since the Prophet (ﷺ) had a noble character before revelation, his Sunnah preceded the Qur’an. However, this is incorrect because:
- His actions before Prophethood were not binding religious guidance—they were personal virtues, not yet Sunnah.
- The Sunnah is part of Prophetic authority, which only started after revelation.
- Without the Qur’an, there is no Prophethood, and without Prophethood, there is no Sunnah.
Conclusion: The Qur’an and Sunnah Began Together
- The Qur’an’s first revelation marked the beginning of Prophethood.
- The Sunnah began simultaneously because it consists of the Prophet’s words and actions as a Messenger.
- Neither preceded the other—they were revealed together as part of divine guidance.
This understanding is crucial in Islamic scholarship, ensuring that the Qur’an and Sunnah remain inseparable sources of Islamic law and ethics.
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