Here is a detailed map of the major earthquakes in Pakistan.

Pre-20th Century

• 893 CE – Dvin Earthquake (Armenia, remote effect on Baluchistan?)
  • Historical mentions suggest very large regional seismic activity affecting far parts of South Asia, though no direct impact confirmed.
• 1668 CE – Sibi Earthquake (Balochistan)
  • Estimated Magnitude: ~7.6
  • Description: Severe shaking, heavy local destruction in Sibi and surroundings.
• 1819 CE – Rann of Kutch Earthquake (Sindh region)
  • Magnitude: ~7.7
  • Effects: Created the “Allah Bund” (earth dam); parts of Sindh were flooded; tremors felt across present-day southern Pakistan.

20th Century

• 1931 CE – Mach Earthquake (Balochistan)
  • Magnitude: 7.7
  • Damage: Town of Mach and surrounding areas heavily damaged; many deaths.
• 1935 CE – Quetta Earthquake
  • Magnitude: 7.7–7.8
  • Effects:
    • One of the deadliest earthquakes in South Asia.
    • Around 30,000–60,000 deaths.
    • Quetta city almost completely destroyed.
    • Entire architecture had to be rebuilt after the disaster.
• 1945 CE – Makran Coast Earthquake (and Tsunami)
  • Magnitude: 8.1
  • Effects:
    • Epicenter off the coast of Makran, Balochistan.
    • Caused a major tsunami across the Arabian Sea.
    • Tsunami hit the Makran coast, Karachi, and even distant shores like Mumbai (Bombay) and Oman.
    • Significant loss of life along the coast.

21st Century

• 2001 CE – Bhuj Earthquake (India, effect in Pakistan)
  • Magnitude: 7.7
  • Effects:
    • Epicenter in Gujarat, India.
    • Shocks felt strongly in Sindh, particularly Karachi, Hyderabad, and Badin.
    • Minor damage and some deaths in southern Pakistan.
• 2005 CE – Kashmir Earthquake (Muzaffarabad region)
  • Magnitude: 7.6
  • Effects:
    • Epicenter: Near Muzaffarabad, Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
    • Over 86,000 deaths, most of them in Pakistan.
    • Entire towns like Balakot were destroyed.
    • Massive landslides and displacement.
    • One of the worst natural disasters in Pakistan’s history.
• 2008 CE – Ziarat Earthquake (Balochistan)
  • Magnitude: 6.4
  • Effects:
    • Over 200 deaths.
    • Thousands of mud houses collapsed.
    • Several strong aftershocks continued for weeks.
• 2011 CE – Dalbandin Earthquake (Balochistan)
  • Magnitude: 7.2
  • Effects:
    • Moderate damage due to deep focus (~80 km depth).
    • Strong shaking in Balochistan but relatively few casualties.
• 2013 CE – Awaran Earthquake (Balochistan)
  • Magnitude: 7.7
  • Effects:
    • Over 800 deaths.
    • Entire villages flattened in Awaran and Kech districts.
    • Created a small island (“Zalzala Jazeera”) near Gwadar coast due to mud volcano activity triggered by the quake.
• 2015 CE – Hindu Kush Earthquake (effect in Pakistan)
  • Magnitude: 7.5
  • Epicenter: Badakhshan, Afghanistan (Hindu Kush mountains).
  • Effects:
    • Severe tremors felt across KP, Punjab, Islamabad.
    • Over 300 deaths reported in Pakistan.
    • Infrastructure damage especially in northern areas.
• 2019 CE – Mirpur Earthquake (Azad Kashmir)
  • Magnitude: 5.6
  • Effects:
    • Heavy damage in Mirpur district, Azad Kashmir.
    • Over 40 deaths, hundreds injured.
    • Roads, bridges, and canals cracked and destroyed.

Key Observations:

• Most deadly earthquakes in Pakistan’s history: 1935 Quetta and 2005 Kashmir earthquakes.
• Balochistan region and Kashmir region are the most seismically active areas.
• Makran Subduction Zone (off the coast) remains a tsunami hazard area today.
• Chaman Fault and Rann of Kutch Fault also pose major seismic risks inland.

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